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E. E. REGORDON.

ELECTRO MAGNET.

110.312,511. Patented Peb. 17,1885.

UNITED; STATES.

ERNEST FRDERIC RECORDON, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

ELECTRO-MAGNET.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 312,511,

Application filed November 5, 1883. (No model.)

dated February 17, 1885.

Patented iii France August 31, 1883, No. 157,320; in Belgium October 5, 1883, No

62,796; in Italy October 8, 1883, No. 15,974 in England October 9, 1833, No. 4,800, and in Germany November 30, 1883, No. 29,763.

To all whom t may conceive.-

Be it known that I, ERNnsr Fannnnic RncoRDoN, professor, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland, and residing in Paris, France, have invented a new Electio-lliagiiet called ElectroMagnet Recordon,77 (for which I have obtained French Patent No. 157 ,320, August 31, 1883; British Patent No. 4,800, October 9, 1883; Belgian Patent No. 62,796, October 5, 1883; Italian Patent No. 15,974, October 8, 1883, and German Patent No. 29,763, November 30, 1883,) of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of electro-inagnets in which the end pieces or cheeks of the bobbin are of iron and in magnetic contact with the core, which is preferably hollow; and the object of my invention is to construct a powerful electro-magnet of this class.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a Vertical section, and Fig. 2 a plan view, of an electro-magnet and armature embodying my invention. Figs. 3 and 4; are a sideI view and plan, respectively, of a modification; Figs. 5 and 6 similar views of another modiiication. Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are views of further modifications. Figs. 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16-are views of different constructions of armatures to be used in connection with the electro-magnet. Figs. 17 and 18 represent a side view and plan of another modification, and Fig. 19 is a plan view of a still further modied forni of electro-magnet.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, which illustrate my invention in its simplest form, a is the iron core of the electromagnet, with iron end or cheek pieces a c', between which is the usual wrapping of covered wire. lThe peripheries of the end pieces are iiattened on one side, as shown in Fig. 2, presenting flat polar i faces :v x, to attract the iiat armature I).

I have found from practical tests that a dattened form of the poles gives a much more powerful effect than where the rounded form isused with a corresponding rounded or curved armature, the attraction on the fiat armature being much more powerful than when a curved armature is presented to the rounded poles, and this notwithstanding a diminished area of surface presented.

In constructing the electro-magnet it is desirable to place a plain sheet of paper overthe core n, (which I prefer to make hollow,) and to place paper over the inner surfaces ot' the cheeks aa also, in order to prevent any possibility ofthe metal of the core or cheeks coiniiig into contact with the insulated wires of the coil; but it will be seen that the usual wooden reels are dispensed with, and the layers of wire accordingly brought nearer to the core. As the center of the core is the neutral point of the electro-magnet, the wire may be wrapped, as shown in Fig. 8-i. e., so as to form a double cone with the small ends ofthe cone inthe center. Holes t may be made in the cheekpieces a a', as shown in Fig. 4L, in order to diminish the mass of iron in the cheeks without reducing their thickness at the circumference, and the size and number of these poles may be varied as most effective in practice.

In order to diminish the residual magnetism, the cheeks of the electro-inagiiet may be composed of thin iron washers riveted together by iron or copper pins, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, there being as many of such washers employed as are necessary to forni the requisite thickness of metal.

The holes t, before referred to, also contribute to the diminution of the residual magnetism, and this may be also added to by cutting away so much of the thin washers as is y, iet necessary for the vformation ofthe poles. ll of the washers may be cut out in this manner, except the first, which must be left entire, as shown in Figs. ,5 and 6. Theiron in the cheeks may be diminished also by forming in the pole or l cheek pieces annular grooves or channels, d, as shown in Fig. 7.

If desired, instead of forming the cheelpieces round they may be cut out in the forni of a star, the cnt-off ends of the stars forming the act-ive polar faces for several armatures, as shown in Fig. 8. In all of these constructions it will be observed that the iron cheek-pieces have flattened faces on their sides, to be usedin connection with a ilattened armature which lies parallel, or nearly so, with a line drawn through the center of the core. This armature may, if desired, be constructed of several pieces, as indicated in the sectional l view, Fig. 12, in which case the pieces/j and 7i are secured to a cross-piece, i.

IOO

In the form of armature shown in Figs. 13 and 14 a slightly-flattened tube is employed, and this tube is split through its entire length, the side containing the slot b being away from the poles, while the plain side is presented to thepoles, of the electro-magnet. In constructing an armature of this character a piece of ilat iron may be bent or folded, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, to form an equivalent for the itlattened tube, a space, b', being left between the adjacent edges of the iron, when folded, and this space or slot must be on the side away from the electro-magnet, in order to present a better surface to the poles.

If preferred, and where it is desired to get an electro magnet of increased power, the armature may be formed into an electro-mag net, as shown in the construction Fig. 17, the armature in such case having flattened polepieces similar to those of the electro-magnet. Iu this construction the armature A is suspended from a rod, L, pivoted to ,an arm, S, on the top of the electro-magnet E. The wire of the coil of the armature is wound in the opposite direction to that of the coil E, and the terminals are so connected that one current is caused to pass through both coils simul-,f

taneously, and, the poles of thev coil facing the poles of opposite denominations, the force of the attraction will be much greater than when an ordinary armature is used.

Although I have shown in the drawings the coil A as smaller than that of the electromagnet E, they may be of any convenient relative slze.

The construction shown in Fig. 17 is specially suitable for telegraphic apparatus, because, owing to the small quantity of wire employed in these electro-magnets, the armature-coil may be made so light as to yield to attractions succeeding one another with the greatest rapidity.

I may add that, in the application of my improvement to electric bells, there is no need to employ the specially-constructed armature described, because the electro-magnet ceases to show signs of residual magnetism directly the current ceases, and as this cessation takes place the moment the armature touches the poles of the electro-magnet the armature does not have time to acquire any residual magnetism.

The cheek-pieces of the electro-magnet may have any desired number of flattened polar faces-as, for instance, in the constructions shown in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, the cheelbpieces are hexagonal in form-and to increase the effector" the electro-magnet two opposite armatures, A A', are employed, pivoted to a crosspiece, S, on the top of the electro-magnet, and s0 connected by a rod, L', that the two armatures act together. If preferred, they need not be so connected, but may be independent of each other, as in the construction Fig. 11. For making very large electro-magnets, a number of these bobbins may be combined with one pair of cheek-pieces. as shown in Fig. 19, in which seven small coils are used, and thus great power is obtained in a comparatively small compass. One or more flattened faces are to be formed in the circumference of these cheek-pieces, acting on corresponding armatures.

To facilitate the operation of winding the wire upon the separate cores, the tubular cores are provided with cheeks of thin sheetiron, which may be either removed or left in position after winding.

I do not limit myself to the dimensions, forms, or proportions of the` electro-magnets shown, as the cheeks, for instance, or the tubular core, may be oval or square, and the materials of which the electro-magnets are composed may be modified, as well as the manner of securing the parts together.

1. An electro-magnet provided with a tubular core, and at opposite ends iron cheekpieces attened at the side to form the acting polar faces, in combination with an armature adapted to lie parallel, or nearly so, with the core of the electro-magnet, substantially as set forth.

2. An electro-magnet having polar cheekpieees composed of thin superposed plates, as set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ERNEST FRDERIG RECORDON.

Witnesses:

ALFRED COINY, ROBT. M. Hoornn. 

